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fibrinogen on the move.

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  1. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 14:30
    quote:

    beur schreef:

    Pharming heeft vanochtend meteen gereageerd op mijn mailtje. Marjolein vroeg daarbij de link van het patent nogmaals door te geven omdat zij deze niet geopend kreeg. Hieruit zou je ook voorzichtig kunnen opmaken dat het artikel over Velander al wel bij Pharming bekend is, die link zou dan eveneens niet geopend kunnen worden.
    Ik hou u op de hoogte.
    groet Beur
    Hopenlijk wordt dit niet het Antonov syndroom.......
  2. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 16:50
    quote:

    beur schreef:

    Pharming heeft vanochtend meteen gereageerd op mijn mailtje. Marjolein vroeg daarbij de link van het patent nogmaals door te geven omdat zij deze niet geopend kreeg. Hieruit zou je ook voorzichtig kunnen opmaken dat het artikel over Velander al wel bij Pharming bekend is, die link zou dan eveneens niet geopend kunnen worden.
    Ik hou u op de hoogte.
    groet Beur
    Ik krijg de link ook niet meer geopend

    Transgenic non-human mammals producing fibrinogen in their milk ...Transgenic non-human mammals producing fibrinogen in their milk - US Patent 6984772 from Patent Storm. A transgenic, non-human mammalian animal is capable ...
    www.patentstorm.us/patents/6984772.html - 18k - Toegevoegde zoekresultaten - In cache - Gelijkwaardige pagina's

    zag wel ergens in dat lange stuk de naam Strijker voorkomen, maar helaas ben ik verder van patenten niet goed op de hoogte, deze hele stof door te nemen.
  3. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 18:18
    Claims:
    What is claimed is:

    1. A method for producing biologically active fibrinogen comprising:

    providing a transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises a first DNA segment encoding a first DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen Aα chain, a second DNA segment encoding a second DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen Bβ chain, and a third DNA segment encoding a third DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen γ chain, wherein each chain is derived from the same species, and wherein each of said first, second and third segments is operably linked to a cis-acting, expression promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in a mammary gland of a female transgenic non-human mammal;

    allowing the expression of said first, second and third DNA segments and the production of milk containing biologically active fibrinogen in said female mammal;

    collecting milk from said female mammal; and

    recovering the biologically active fibrinogen from the milk.

    2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is a sheep.

    4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is a cow.

    5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said promoter to which each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked is selected from the group consisting of casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.

    6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a β-lactoglobulin promoter.

    7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a casein promoter.

    8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a whey acidic protein gene promoter.

    9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said fibrinogen is human fibrinogen.

    10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first, second, and third DNA segments comprises an intron.

    11. A method for producing biologically active fibrinogen comprising:

    providing a first DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen αa chain, a second DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen Bβ chain; and a third DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen γ chain, wherein each chain is from the same species, and wherein each of said first, second and third segments is operably linked to a promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in the mammary gland of a female transgenic non-human mammal;

    introducing said DNA segments into a fertilized egg of a non-human mammalian species heterologous to the species of origin of said fibrinogen chains;

    inserting said egg into an oviduct or uterus of a female of said mammalian species to obtain a transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises said DNA segments;

    breeding said mammal to produce female progeny that express said first, second and third DNA segments and produce milk containing biologically active fibrinogen encoded by said segments;

    collecting milk from said female progeny; and

    recovering the biologically active fibrinogen from the milk.

    12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said species into which said DNA segments is introduced is a sheep.

    14. The method according to claim 11, wherein said species into which said DNA segments is introduced is a cow.

    15. The method according to claim 11, wherein said non-human mammal is a cow.

    16. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second, and third DNA segments comprises an intron.

    17. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked to a transcription promoter selected from the group consisting of casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.

    18. A method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a β-lactoglobulin promoter.

    19. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a casein promoter.

    20. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a whey acidic protein gene promoter.

    21. The method according to claim 11, wherein said introducing step comprises injecting said first, second and third DNA segments into a pronucleus of said fertilized egg.

    22. The method according to claim 11, wherein said fibrinogen is human fibrinogen.

    23. The method according to claim 11, wherein said introducing step comprises injecting said first, second and third DNA segments into a pronucleus of a fertilized egg and inserting said egg into an oviduct of a pseudopregnant female to produce a female transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises said DNA segments, wherein said egg and said pseudopregnant female are of the same species.

    24. The method of claim 23, wherein said female mammal is a sheep.

    25. The method of claim 23, wherein said female mammal is a cow.

    26. A transgenic non-human mammal, wherein the genome of said mammal comprises:

    a first DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen Aα chain,

    a second DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen Bβ chain,

    a third DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen γ chain, and further wherein each chain is derived from the same species and is operably linked to a promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in the mammary gland of a host female mammal, wherein expression of said DNA segments results in the production of recoverable quantities of biologically active fibrinogen from milk of a female of said non-human mammal.

    27. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    28. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 27, wherein said non-human mammal is a sheep.

    29. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said non-human mammal is a cow.

    30. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked to a transcription promoter selected from the group consisting of casein, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.

    31. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a β-lactoglobulin promoter.

    32. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a casein promoter.

    33. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a whey acidic protein gene promoter.

    34. The non-human mammal produced according to claim 26, wherein said mammal is female.

    35. The non-human mammal produced according to c
  4. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 18:20
    Tx flosz
    Description:
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

    The present invention relates in general to the use of transgenic animals to produce therapeutically useful amounts of clinically important recombinant proteins. More particularly, this invention relates to the production in transgenic animals of clinically useful quantities of the blood clotting protein, fibrinogen ("FIB").

    The ultimate event in the blood clotting cascade is the thrombin-catalyzed conversion of FIB (Mr=340,000) to fibrin (Mr=329,000), the latter forming the fibrin clot. FIB deficiency is generally transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and may manifest as a complete or partial absence of FIB from the blood plasma. Clinically, the disease resembles moderate or mild hemophilia. Congenital fibrinogen abnormality may be due to the hereditary synthesis of structurally or functionally abnormal molecules, as in Vlissingen, Ijmuiden and Nijmegen fibrinogens. An acquired deficiency of this protein may occur due to impaired hepatic synthesis of the protein, as occurs, for example, in hepatitis or hepatic necrosis, or to accelerated destruction of the protein caused, for example, by increased blood proteolytic activity.

    Control of bleeding in such patients is currently achieved by transfusion of FIB contained in freshly-frozen human plasma or in concentrates of the protein isolated from donor blood. While these replacement therapies are generally effective, they place patients at risk for virus-transmissible diseases such as hepatitis or AIDS. Although this risk has been greatly reduced by inactivating such viruses with heat or organic solvents, such preparations have greatly increased the cost of treatment, and are not risk free. There is thus a critical need for a source of this protein alternate to human plasma.

    An important advance in obtaining an alternate clinical source of FIB has been the cloning of cDNAs encoding the three different fibrinogen chains, and the publication of cDNA sequences. Rixon et al., Biochemistry 22: 3237 (1983); Chung et al., ibid: 3244; Chung et al., ibid: 3250. The structure of the FIB molecule is exceedingly complex. Each molecule of FIB consists of two sets of three different polypeptide chains, designated Aα, Bβ and Gγ, with molecular masses of 66 kDa, 52 kDa and 46.5 kDa, respectively. The two half-molecules containing each set of chains are linked together by three disulfide bonds. In addition, a complex set of intra- and inter-chain disulfide bonds (there are a total of 29 disulfide bonds with no free sulfhydryl groups) are involved in maintaining proper functional structure. Further, FIB is a glycoprotein with highly specific glycosylations. The molecule contains four carbohydrate chains, one each on the B, β, G and γ chains; the α and A chains contain no carbohydrate. About 11 kDa of the total molecular mass of FIB (340 kDa) is attributable to this carbohydrate, added to the molecule post-translationally. In addition, isoforms of glycoproteins are known corresponding to differences in sialic acids on the carbohydrate chains. Proper carbohydrate modification is required for functional activity of FIB.

    These highly complex characteristics of the functional FIB molecule has made unpredictable and difficult the expression, assembly and secretion of fully formed and functional recombinant molecules. A cDNA encoding the human FIB Aα chain has been expressed in bacteria. Lord, DNA 4:33 (1985). This is of limited usefulness, however, since the other fibrinogen chains that bear carbohydrates cannot be produced in prokaryotes.

    Individual FIB chains have been expressed in COS1 (transformed monkey kidney fibroblast) cells. Danishevsky et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1048: 202 (1990). In addition, transfecting COS1 cells with a combination of cDNAs encoding the individual human fibrinogen subunit chains is reported to produce the holoprotein, but the amounts produced were small, and substantially less than the production achieved in the transgenic animal systems to be described below. Roy et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266: 4758 (1991). The secretion of partially assembled or wholly unassembled and separate human FIB ("hFIB") or recombinant human FIB ("rhFIB") chains has not been reported for native or genetically engineered tissues. Chung et al. (1983); Danishevsky et al (1990). In addition, there are serious drawbacks to the use of mammalian cell tissue culture systems for production of FIB. These include the high costs of growth media, the labor intensive nature of such systems, and limited production capacity.

    An important need persists for an efficient and relatively inexpensive means of producing clinically useful amounts of infectious particle-free rhFIB protein. The present invention satisfies this need. It has been surprisingly found that transgenic animals can be genetically engineered to produce and secrete into readily accessible body fluids therapeutically useful quantities of rhFIB. In addition to therapeutic uses involving replacement or addition therapy, the FIB of the invention finds us in a variety of applications, such as a "glue" in surgical procedures, as a delivery system for drugs, such as antibiotics or anti-parasitic agents, to wounds, as a food substitute, and for altering the composition of milk. These transgenic systems are described below.

    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

    In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a non-human mammalian animal that has stably integrated into its genome heterologous (that is, exogenously derived) polynucleotides that encode the Aα, Bβ and Gγ polypeptide chains of human FIB, and that direct by means of regulatory and signal sequences the expression of biologically active rhFIB in mammary gland cells, such that newly synthesized fibrinogen is secreted into bodily fluid compartments, particularly milk, blood or urine of the animal. By integrating fewer than all of the three heterologous polynucleotides, individual chains of fibrinogen can be produced and may be secreted. By integrating heterologous polynucleotides that have been modified prior to administration to the host animal, modified FIB and products thereof can be produced.

    It therefore is an object of the present invention to provide transgenic animals capable of producing rhFIB, individual polypeptide subunit chains of FIB, or FIB-derived proteins and protein products.

    It is also an object of the invention to provide a means of producing rhFIB, individual polypeptide subunits thereof, or FIB-derived proteins and protein products in transgenic animals.

    In a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, lactating transgenic animals produce the rhFIB, individual FIB subunits or FIB-derived proteins in their mammary glands and secrete these products in their milk. In another preferred embodiment, transgenic animals secrete the produced rhFIB, individual FIB subunits, or FIB-derived proteins in their blood and/or urine.


  5. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 20:34
    sterkste argument uit het patent

    "collecting milk from said female mammal" :-D open deur

    The non-human transgenic mammal from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen.

  6. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 20:37
    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
  7. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:04
    quote:

    V.Erwachting schreef:

    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
    Ben je nog wakker?
  8. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:20
    quote:

    V.Erwachting schreef:

    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
    problemen zijn er om opgelost te worden.......................
  9. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:25
    quote:

    cazan schreef:

    sterkste argument uit het patent

    "collecting milk from said female mammal" :-D open deur

    The non-human transgenic mammal from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen.

    In deze mis ik de "cows".
    Misschien dat pharming daarom geen betalingen heeft ontvangen.
    Op deze wijze maakt men geen gebruik van de patenten van Ph.

    Groet.
  10. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:32
    quote:

    V.Erwachting schreef:

    [quote=V.Erwachting]
    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
    [/quote]Ben je nog wakker?
    hallo V.erwachting, dat duurt zo'n 9 maanden is het niet? :-D

    Patenten duurt net ff iets langer, dat leg je niet ff kort in Ned en ook nog eens de essentie ervan uit.

    Mijn 1e statement was "Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen."

    Waarom verbaasd? GTCB en Pharming zouden alle patenten, breed als een paraplu, umbrella patents hebben.

    Anno 2006 wordt er een patent gefiled waarvan ik dacht dat dit niet mogelijk kon zijn.

    De eerste logtekening in een labboek (bijv, van ene velander) kan de reden zijn dat dit anno 2006 toch gepatenteerd kon worden. Ik ken de exacte relatie ook niet van velander en Pharming of de afspraken/JDA? joint development agreement tussen de universiteit en pharming bijv. niet.

    Ik ben helaas te weinig thuis in de transgene bio technologie om dit van scrap uit te zoeken en daarbij te weinig tijd (of echte interesse).

    Met een patent search in mijn eigen vakgebied ben ik soms weken bezig.

    Je begrijpt, ik kan abstracts lezen, claims begrijpen en de finesse eruit halen maar onderzoek of dit uniek dan wel first invention is kost te veel tijd.

    In een draadje op het Crucell forum heb ik al eens e.e.a. uitgelegd, wellicht dat echte kenners hier iets aan hebben.

    www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...

  11. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:33
    quote:

    wishdom schreef:

    [quote=cazan]
    sterkste argument uit het patent

    "collecting milk from said female mammal" :-D open deur

    The non-human transgenic mammal from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen.

    [/quote]In deze mis ik de "cows".
    Misschien dat pharming daarom geen betalingen heeft ontvangen.
    Op deze wijze maakt men geen gebruik van de patenten van Ph.

    Groet.
    The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said non-human mammal is a cow.

    Nog breder CATTLE

  12. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:40
    1 Transgenic fibrinogen in mijn octrooilijst
    Uitvinder: VELANDER WILLIAM H (US); LORD SUSAN T (US); (+4) Aanvrager: UNIV NORTH CAROLINA
    EC: IPC: A01K67/027; C07K14/75; A01K67/027 (+1)
    Informatie over publicatie: US2006174357 - 2006-08-03

    2 TRANSGENIC FIBRINOGEN in mijn octrooilijst
    Uitvinder: VELANDER WILLIAM H; LORD SUSAN T; (+4) Aanvrager: AMERICAN NAT RED CROSS (US); VIRGINIA TECH INTELL PROP (US); (+1)
    EC: C07K14/75; C12N15/85A1 IPC: A01K67/027; C07K14/75; C12N15/09 (+9)
    Informatie over publicatie: WO9522249 - 1995-08-24

    3 TRANSGENIC FIBRINOGEN in mijn octrooilijst
    Uitvinder: LUBON HENRYK (US); VELANDER WILLIAM H (US); (+4) Aanvrager: AMERICAN NAT RED CROSS (US); VIRGINIA TECH INTELL PROP (US); (+1)
    EC: IPC: A01K67/027; C12N15/12; C12N15/63 (+6)
    Informatie over publicatie: CA2347579 - 1995-08-24

    tinyurl.com/pgsqc
  13. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 21:57
    quote:

    cazan schreef:

    [quote=V.Erwachting]
    [quote=V.Erwachting]
    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
    [/quote]Ben je nog wakker?
    [/quote]

    hallo V.erwachting, dat duurt zo'n 9 maanden is het niet? :-D

    Patenten duurt net ff iets langer, dat leg je niet ff kort in Ned en ook nog eens de essentie ervan uit.

    Mijn 1e statement was "Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen."

    Waarom verbaasd? GTCB en Pharming zouden alle patenten, breed als een paraplu, umbrella patents hebben.

    Anno 2006 wordt er een patent gefiled waarvan ik dacht dat dit niet mogelijk kon zijn.

    De eerste logtekening in een labboek (bijv, van ene velander) kan de reden zijn dat dit anno 2006 toch gepatenteerd kon worden. Ik ken de exacte relatie ook niet van velander en Pharming of de afspraken/JDA? joint development agreement tussen de universiteit en pharming bijv. niet.

    Ik ben helaas te weinig thuis in de transgene bio technologie om dit van scrap uit te zoeken en daarbij te weinig tijd (of echte interesse).

    Met een patent search in mijn eigen vakgebied ben ik soms weken bezig.

    Je begrijpt, ik kan abstracts lezen, claims begrijpen en de finesse eruit halen maar onderzoek of dit uniek dan wel first invention is kost te veel tijd.

    In een draadje op het Crucell forum heb ik al eens e.e.a. uitgelegd, wellicht dat echte kenners hier iets aan hebben.

    www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...

    Cazan. In 1e plaats bedankt voor de uiteenzetting.Als ik het goed begrepen heb heeft Ph. wat de patenten betreft niet alles goed afgedekt. Verkeerde inschatting van een en ander of onkunde in ieder geval geen goede zaak.
  14. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 22:15
    We moeten zeker niet nu al voorbarige conclusies gaan trekken! Wacht liever de reactie van Pharming af!
    Wanneer je de diverse links naleest dan wordt de historische relatie Pharming/Velander wel duidelijk. Velander>Rode Kruis>Pharming. Ik heb helaas niet genoeg tijd nu. Opmerkelijk in dit verband zijn ook de commerciële activiteiten van Velander en xijn relatie met de US Army.
    Erg jammer is dat de link naar de patentensite van Schnoebeltje niet meer werkt. Hier stond heel erg duidelijk vermeld de uitvinders (Velander e.a), de rechthebbenden (Virginia Tech), een samenvatting, een samenvatting van de claims en de claims uitgebreid. Eveneens viel op de (uitgifte)datum van 10 januari 2006.
    Groet Beur

  15. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 22:20
    quote:

    V.Erwachting schreef:

    [quote=cazan]
    [quote=V.Erwachting]
    [quote=V.Erwachting]
    Cazan kun je in het kort de essentie van het verhaal uitleggen.M´n Engels is een probleem.Ik denk dat je meer mensen hier een plezier mee doet.
    [/quote]Ben je nog wakker?
    [/quote]

    hallo V.erwachting, dat duurt zo'n 9 maanden is het niet? :-D

    Patenten duurt net ff iets langer, dat leg je niet ff kort in Ned en ook nog eens de essentie ervan uit.

    Mijn 1e statement was "Erg breed opgezet dus. Het verbaasd me dat men dit heeft kunnen claimen."

    Waarom verbaasd? GTCB en Pharming zouden alle patenten, breed als een paraplu, umbrella patents hebben.

    Anno 2006 wordt er een patent gefiled waarvan ik dacht dat dit niet mogelijk kon zijn.

    De eerste logtekening in een labboek (bijv, van ene velander) kan de reden zijn dat dit anno 2006 toch gepatenteerd kon worden. Ik ken de exacte relatie ook niet van velander en Pharming of de afspraken/JDA? joint development agreement tussen de universiteit en pharming bijv. niet.

    Ik ben helaas te weinig thuis in de transgene bio technologie om dit van scrap uit te zoeken en daarbij te weinig tijd (of echte interesse).

    Met een patent search in mijn eigen vakgebied ben ik soms weken bezig.

    Je begrijpt, ik kan abstracts lezen, claims begrijpen en de finesse eruit halen maar onderzoek of dit uniek dan wel first invention is kost te veel tijd.

    In een draadje op het Crucell forum heb ik al eens e.e.a. uitgelegd, wellicht dat echte kenners hier iets aan hebben.

    www.iex.nl/forum/topic.asp?forum=228&...

    [/quote]Cazan. In 1e plaats bedankt voor de uiteenzetting.Als ik het goed begrepen heb heeft Ph. wat de patenten betreft niet alles goed afgedekt. Verkeerde inschatting van een en ander of onkunde in ieder geval geen goede zaak.
    Sorry V.erwachting, zo eenvoudig mag en kan je dit niet stellen.

    Ik heb geen kennis over de Transgene biotechnologie en derhalve geen conclusie vermeld.

    PS: Beur zoek je iets op patenten gebied, laat ff weten. 10 jan velander bijv?
  16. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 22:33
    tinyurl.com/ne4p9 is die van 10 jan 2006
    Conclusies van US6984772
    1. A method for producing biologically active fibrinogen comprising:
    providing a transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises a first DNA segment encoding a first DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen A[alpha] chain, a second DNA segment encoding a second DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen B[beta] chain, and a third DNA segment encoding a third DNA encoding a heterologous fibrinogen [gamma] chain, wherein each chain is derived from the same species, and wherein each of said first, second and third segments is operably linked to a cis-acting, expression promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in a mammary gland of a female transgenic non-human mammal;
    allowing the expression of said first, second and third DNA segments and the production of milk containing biologically active fibrinogen in said female mammal;
    collecting milk from said female mammal; and
    recovering the biologically active fibrinogen from the milk.
    2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.
    3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is a sheep.
    4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is a cow.
    5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said promoter to which each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked is selected from the group consisting of casein, [beta]-lactoglobulin, [alpha]-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.
    6. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a [beta]-lactoglobulin promoter.
    7. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a casein promoter.
    8. The method according to claim 5, wherein said promoter is a whey acidic protein gene promoter.
    9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said fibrinogen is human fibrinogen.
    10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first, second, and third DNA segments comprises an intron.

    11. A method for producing biologically active fibrinogen comprising:
    providing a first DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen [alpha]a chain, a second DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen B[beta] chain; and a third DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen [gamma] chain, wherein each chain is from the same species, and wherein each of said first, second and third segments is operably linked to a promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in the mammary gland of a female transgenic non-human mammal;
    introducing said DNA segments into a fertilized egg of a non-human mammalian species heterologous to the species of origin of said fibrinogen chains;
    inserting said egg into an oviduct or uterus of a female of said mammalian species to obtain a transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises said DNA segments;
    breeding said mammal to produce female progeny that express said first, second and third DNA segments and produce milk containing biologically active fibrinogen encoded by said segments;
    collecting milk from said female progeny; and
    recovering the biologically active fibrinogen from the milk.

    12. The method according to claim 11, wherein said transgenic non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    13. The method according to claim 11, wherein said species into which said DNA segments is introduced is a sheep.

    14. The method according to claim 11, wherein said species into which said DNA segments is introduced is a cow.

    15. The method according to claim 11, wherein said non-human mammal is a cow.

    16. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second, and third DNA segments comprises an intron.

    17. The method according to claim 11, wherein each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked to a transcription promoter selected from the group consisting of casein, [beta]-lactoglobulin, [alpha]-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.

    18. A method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a [beta]-lactoglobulin promoter.

    19. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a casein promoter.

    20. The method according to claim 11, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a whey acidic protein gene promoter.

    21. The method according to claim 11, wherein said introducing step comprises injecting said first, second and third DNA segments into a pronucleus of said fertilized egg.

    22. The method according to claim 11, wherein said fibrinogen is human fibrinogen.

    23. The method according to claim 11, wherein said introducing step comprises injecting said first, second and third DNA segments into a pronucleus of a fertilized egg and inserting said egg into an oviduct of a pseudopregnant female to produce a female transgenic non-human mammal whose genome comprises said DNA segments, wherein said egg and said pseudopregnant female are of the same species.

    24. The method of claim 23, wherein said female mammal is a sheep.

    25. The method of claim 23, wherein said female mammal is a cow.

    26. A transgenic non-human mammal, wherein the genome of said mammal comprises:
    a first DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen A[alpha] chain,
    a second DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen B[beta] chain,
    a third DNA segment encoding a heterologous fibrinogen [gamma] chain, and further wherein each chain is derived from the same species and is operably linked to a promoter-containing regulatory sequence required for its expression in the mammary gland of a host female mammal, wherein expression of said DNA segments results in the production of recoverable quantities of biologically active fibrinogen from milk of a female of said non-human mammal.

    27. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said non-human mammal is selected from the group consisting of a rodent, rabbit, sheep, pig, goat and cattle.

    28. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 27, wherein said non-human mammal is a sheep.

    29. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said non-human mammal is a cow.

    30. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein each of said first, second and third DNA segments is operably linked to a transcription promoter selected from the group consisting of casein, [beta]-lactoglobulin, [alpha]-lactalbumin and whey acidic protein gene promoters.

    31. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a [beta]-lactoglobulin promoter.

    32. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a casein promoter.

    33. The non-human transgenic mammal according to claim 26, wherein said first, second and third DNA segments are expressed under the control of a whey acidic protein gene promoter.

    34. The non-human mammal produced according to claim 26, wherein said mammal is female.

    35. The non-human mammal produced according to claim 26, wherein said mammal
  17. jip banaan! 28 augustus 2006 22:35
    quote:

    beur schreef:

    We moeten zeker niet nu al voorbarige conclusies gaan trekken! Wacht liever de reactie van Pharming af!
    Wanneer je de diverse links naleest dan wordt de historische relatie Pharming/Velander wel duidelijk. Velander>Rode Kruis>Pharming. Ik heb helaas niet genoeg tijd nu. Opmerkelijk in dit verband zijn ook de commerciële activiteiten van Velander en xijn relatie met de US Army.
    Erg jammer is dat de link naar de patentensite van Schnoebeltje niet meer werkt. Hier stond heel erg duidelijk vermeld de uitvinders (Velander e.a), de rechthebbenden (Virginia Tech), een samenvatting, een samenvatting van de claims en de claims uitgebreid. Eveneens viel op de (uitgifte)datum van 10 januari 2006.
    Groet Beur

    Ja erg jammer dat die link niet meeer werkt, zou ook wel wat meer willen weten van Virginia Tech. Ga ik uitzoeken.

    Ik moet zeggen dat ik het wel enigzins verontrustend vind, ik weet uit ervaring dat het patent en merkenrecht uitermate moeilijk kan liggen en dat bij een dispuut je nooit weet waar het eindigd, wat dat betreft; de uitspraak van rechtbanken en jury's zijn niet voorspelbaar, ook als je denkt dat het toch voor zich spreekt maak je de meest ongedachte uitspraken mee.

    Al met al, ik was al gloeiend benieuwd, maar nu nog meer naar de reaktie van pharming op het mailtje van Beur.

    groet jip!
  18. [verwijderd] 28 augustus 2006 22:49
    Leiden, The Netherlands, August 31, 2005. Biotech company Pharming Group N.V. (“Pharming” or “the Company”) (Euronext: PHARM) (PHARM.AS) announced today that its recombinant human fibrinogen (rhFIB) product has been selected for a US Army project.

    Pharming’s rhFIB will be utilized in a US Army research project focusing on the development of fibrin bandages. For the supply of rhFIB and technical participation in the project, the Company will receive payments over the next year.

    “We are pleased with the selection of our recombinant human fibrinogen product in the US Army project,” said Samir Singh, CBO at Pharming. “Given its commercial potential, Pharming intends to supply this unique material for the development of a number of end products.”

    Pharming’s immediate focus is to develop recombinant human fibrinogen as an intermediate product for supply to companies and institutions. In addition, the Company is developing proprietary end products using rhFIB, such as the recombinant tissue sealant, to control bleeding in trauma situations.

    Recombinant human fibrinogen
    Human fibrinogen is a natural soluble blood protein that can form insoluble fibrin polymers to stop bleeding. Based on this unique functional property of fibrinogen, tissue sealant products have been developed that are used to prevent excessive blood loss during surgery or trauma injury. Fibrin sealants available commercially are based on fibrinogen purified from human donor blood. However, the safety profile of plasma fibrinogen and blood products in general is considered low, consistent quality is difficult to achieve and the supply of these products is unpredictable.

    Pharming has established a production system with high expression of recombinant human fibrinogen. The results demonstrate that the structure and function of Pharming’s recombinant fibrinogen is virtually identical to plasma fibrinogen. In addition, manufacturing costs are anticipated to be significantly lower as compared to plasma fibrinogen and market demand over 1000 kg per year can be easily met.

    The Company is also developing a fully recombinant tissue sealant (rTS) to replace plasma derived fibrin sealant. With the acquisition of patents and licenses for the production and purification of rhFIB and rTS, Pharming has significantly strengthened its patent position and will save time and resources in the development of these products.

    Background on Pharming Group N.V.
    Pharming Group N.V. is developing innovative protein therapeutics for unmet medical needs. The Company’s products include potential treatments for genetic disorders, medical and specialty products for surgical indications, and intermediates for various applications. Pharming has two products in late stage development - recombinant human C1 inhibitor for hereditary angioedema (Phase III) and recombinant human lactoferrin for nutritional use. The advanced technologies of the Company include innovative platforms for the production of protein therapeutics, as well as technology and processes for the purification and formulation of these products. Additional information is available on the Pharming website, www.pharming.com.

    This press release contains forward looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from the results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward looking statements. The press release also appears in Dutch. In the event of any inconsistency, the English version will prevail over the Dutch version.
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